Thursday, November 17, 2016

Chapter 9: Motivation of Photojournalists

The Free Dictionary defines motivation as something that motivates; an inducement, reason or goal. Whether we realize it or not, everything we do in life is related back to something that motivates us to do so. Photographers and photojournalists each have a different motivation, a different reason that they wake up everyday and continue to do the work that they do every day. Thankfully they have these motivations because I cannot imagine a world with the photos these photojournalists have produced and continue to produce.

Image by Katherine October Matthews

Christopher Anderson grew up in Texas but was originally born in Canada. Chris is a member of Magnum Photos and currently resides in New York. His first recognized photography was in 1999, when photos were released of the ship he was aboard that sunk in the Caribbean. Lou Noble interviewed Christopher Anderson and asked him about his career as a photojournalist. Noble asked Anderson what he looks for in a photograph, his was response was, "I’m still looking for the same heart of the photograph, something that is about an experience and an emotion." Noble also asked Anderson why he does what he does, Anderson replied, "So I want to be committed to truth, which has something to do with honesty. And that often gets confused, and sort of the documentary photojournalistic world press view of what photography is." Throughout the career of Christopher Anderson he has captured so many photos of so many different genres it is hard to categorize his work. This is similar to the works of Xyza Cruz Bacani, described by Aaron Tam as, "her images of everything from trips to the supermarket to scenes of abuse at a refuge for domestic workers earning laudatory spreads in international media and at exhibitions."

Image by Christopher Anderson

Image by National Geographic

Lynn Johnson's interest in photography began when she stumbled upon a photography book in the library during her high school years. She immediately fell in love and began taking pictures for her high school yearbook. Johnson was the first woman photographer hired to the Pittsburg Press. Johnson comments on her career as a photographer by saying, "For me, photography has been a mission. I don't mean on the grand scale, but in the sense of the daily awareness that each one of us is responsible for the wider community, that your sense of self and sense of responsibility outside yourself is as wide as you can embrace. It's a commitment to try to fulfill that responsibility by doing work about things that matter." One of Lynn Johnson's main motivations is being a female in the male dominated world of photography. Johnson describes a sense of responsibility she feels when capturing photographs when she says, “documenting womens issues feels like a responsibility as a woman photographer”.
Image by Lynn Johnson

Image by Yolan Valat

Remi Ochlik was a photojournalist that covered war stories. Remi was an award winning French photojournalist that passed away in 2012 while covering a story in Syria. Remi always knew he wanted to be a war photographer. There was never a point in his life where he was interested in covering any other type of story. Why war? Remi compared war to drugs in one interview, "War is worse than drugs. One moment it’s a bad trip, a nightmare. But the next moment, as soon as the immediate danger has passed, there is an overpowering desire to go back for more." His motivation to go back into the crossfire of war was the desire he felt. He infers that he was addicted to the lifestyle of war photography. Not only did Remi stories of war, he ultimately became part of the stories as well. This is similar to what "As a combat photographer, I was a photographer to document them, but you know, inherently I became part of the story too. So I tried to kind of show or convey my emotions through my pictures too through use of light or shadows or any sort of emotion I could." Ultimately Remi's motivation was to go out and get more. He needed to fill the void that the desire left within him. 
Image by Remi Ochlik

What motivates me?
Image by Courtney Patridge

The motivations of the photojournalists I researched and the motivations I see within myself are very different. The only photojournalist I saw a connect with was Christopher Anderson when he had mentioned "expanding his tool belt" when referring too trying different techniques and using different environments. I am always interested and open to expanding my knowledge when it comes to my education within the nursing field. You cannot continue to grow within your profession if you are not open to learning knew and improved methods. I cannot connect with Lynn Johnson as I am not a woman in a male dominated field. If anything I am a female within a female dominating field. Lastly, the motivation of Remi Ochlik, the desire and crave to go out and photograph war, I feel sometimes when it comes to helping patients and their families that I really connect with. Overall everyone in this world, no matter what profession, have things that motivate them. It does not matter what those motivators are, as long as they are there people will continue working because of them. 





Sunday, November 13, 2016

Chapter 8: Biases

Image by Ed Clark
Within this image I see people mourning. I see a young man dressed in what appears to be a uniform, playing an instrument with tears running down his face. If I were to summarize this image, I would think that this is the funeral service for a young man lost on the battlefield. The man pictured playing the instrument likely worked closely next to him day in and day out. The title given to the image also gives a sense of what is going on. The title "Going Home" could mean that people are being welcomed home or that someone has gone home to the Lord.  Everyone has different things going on within their lives or have had different things happen to them in the past. Shahidul Alam, an activist and picture journalists explains, "There is an implicit assumption there is only one truth, that there is only one way of looking at things. A story has many truths at many levels."  For this reason everyone will interpret this image slightly or drastically different. I think I picture the image this way because the military plays a relevant roll in my life, and loosing someone on the battlefield is a fear of mine.

I believe in this photo the main subjects expression says it all. The young man is clearly grieving, for what reason, I do not know. He is looking up in such a manner that it makes me think he is hoping to see something or hear from someone. It is observable that he is trying to stay strong during a very upsetting time. The image is in black and white which I think adds a level of emotion. If the image was in color there would be some brightness from the trees in the back and smalls spots of sky that would add life to the photo. The photographer had a choice to capture the image in color or black white and I have to say he made the right choice. Lastly the folks in the background add an idea of what is going on within the image. There is a woman that is right next to the young man in the lower portion of the photo who appears to be wiping her eyes. That gives a hint that this image is capturing a group of people mourning over something or someone. I would say the people picture within the background complete the picture, there would be an aspect missing without them.

Image by Saul Leob
How do I know this image is the truth? I can tell this image is the truth because I have read numerous articles and listened to endless news stations regarding the most recent election. It has been analyzed and picked apart as to how Donald Trump has become to newest President of the United States and it will continue to be throughout his presidency I am sure. So back to how I know this image is the truth. Authority has presented information and written articles confirming that he has indeed won the election and has given his victory speech. An article found on Watching American, written by Laurent Joffrin and translated by Katherine Rotter, comments on the most recent election by saying, "An entire chapter of American history has been denied today...The Clinton era too, as both of Bill's terms are remembered as a sort of Golden Age."  Another way I know this image is the truth is because I spent the evening of November 8th watching ABC as the polls closed and the states projected their winners. I watched as each candidate received their respective votes from the states that they won. Once Donald Trump took a pretty big lead, my sense perception kicked in and I felt in my gut that I knew the results from the 2016 election. I feel as though politics is a very good example of where biases can come into play. What are biases? As presented in Module 11 content, the Free Dictionary defines a bias as a preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment. In no way am I disclosing my political preferences, that is not the point of this paragraph. 

The composition of this image is very simple. The image shows Donald Trump with his fist up in victory. There is only one object within the field of the image which to me makes the image very simple. Anything else included within the frame would have cluttered the image and taken away from the raw emotion portrayed. The lighting within the image adds a component that I cannot seem to put my finger on. The color the lighting puts onto the subject makes it seem as though he is glowing. The light makes the image engaging and surprising. It is unlike the usual flat demeanor of the topic of politics. Lastly, the subject of this photo is clearly the main subject. Donald Trump is the only thing taking up space within the image and he takes up about 2/3 of the frame. There is nothing else within the frame that could be considered a subject never mind the main subject. The image is not overly crowded. If the main subject were to be any smaller it would get lost within the darkness of the plain background.


Image by Mary Ellen Mark

How do I know this image is not truth? I can tell that this image is not the truth through logic and reasoning. I highly doubt that there were ever be a child, holding a stuffed animal, standing near a wall with the word "DOPE" scratched into the pain smoking a cigarette or something else. Just the fact that the child is standing next to a wall where the word "DOPE" is makes me think the photo is staged. That brings up a question in my mind. If an image is staged, is it really photojournalism?  I would think not because it does not display the truth. As Donald Weber questions,"At what point did the act of making images subvert the idea of what Photojournalism is and should be?" Just because a picture was taken by a photographer does not mean that it is a photojournalistic image. The truth of this image may not be set in stone but I can draw a conclusion based on my reasonings and logic. This image, I believe, relates to the article about Yellow Journalism. As W. Joseph Campbell writes, "They were ambitious and controversial figures, and their foes recognized they were vulnerable to personal attack by impugning their journalism." I believe the image above by Mary Ellen Mark presents controversy. The controversy can come from two directions, the photographer not putting a stop to this child's supposed actions and how did the child end up this way. Another way I know this image is not the truth because of the emotion and intuition I have when observing this image. With the drug problem so relevant in today's world, it is sad to even look at this image. I know in my heart that someone would not observe a child holding a stuffed animal smoke a cigarette or whatever it is.

The shadows of this image are very dark and brings me to think that this child is at a dark place within her life. There is a shadow casted on the child's face not allowing me to picture her whole face. I think this leads to my thought process that the actions the child is portraying is not his or her true self. The image is deep. It appears as though the side walk continues far past where the child is standing. The depth also shows very little people, therefore is this child alone standing there or does she feel alone all the time? The depth of this picture imposes questions on my mind. Lastly this image displays a great deal of abstraction. Many emotions rise from the faultiness of the image. The image was taken long ago so I do not think it is representational today but I do think this image fits into the opioid epidemic going on today. Even though the image is not directly representational of today's happenings, is certainly relates.